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At approximately 11.7 Mly (3.6 Mpc) from the Earth, it makes this group and the Local Group, containing the Milky Way, [28] relative neighbors in the Virgo Supercluster. Gravitational interactions of M81 with M82 and NGC 3077 [29] have stripped hydrogen gas away from all three galaxies, forming gaseous filamentary structures in the group. [29]
The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses. [1] The approximate center of the group is located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, making it one of the nearest groups to the Local Group. [1]
As one of the closest starburst galaxies to Earth, M82 is the prototypical example of this galaxy type. [ 7 ] [ a ] SN 2014J , a type Ia supernova , was discovered in the galaxy on 21 January 2014. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In 2014, in studying M82, scientists discovered the brightest pulsar yet known, designated M82 X-2 .
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale. There are an estimated 100 billion galaxies in all of the observable universe. [1] On the order of 100,000 galaxies make up the Local Supercluster, and about 51 galaxies are in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list).
This encompasses about 50 major Local Group galaxies, and some that are members of neighboring galaxy groups, the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group, and some that are currently not in any defined galaxy group.
The last supernova that was unambiguously closer to Earth than SN 2014J was SN 2004dj, a type II-P supernova in the galaxy NGC 2403, 8 million light-years from Earth. SN 1993J was a type IIb supernova at almost the same distance as SN 2014J, because it was located in Messier 81 , which together with Messier 82 and NGC 3077 forms the core of the ...
It is organized into at least three distinct subsystems associated with the three large galaxies—M87, M49 and M86—with the core subgroup including M87 (Virgo A) and M49 (Virgo B). [128] There is a preponderance of elliptical and S0 galaxies around M87. [129] A chain of elliptical galaxies roughly aligns with the jet. [129]
The galaxy is a member of the M81 Group, a group of galaxies located at a distance of approximately 11.7 Mly (3.6 Mpc) from Earth. [3] The group also contains the spiral galaxy Messier 81 and the starburst galaxy Messier 82. [3] NGC 4236 is located away from the central part of the M81 group at a distance of 14.5 Mly (4.45 Mpc) from Earth. [4]