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Cancer specific T-cells can be obtained by fragmentation and isolation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, or by genetically engineering cells from peripheral blood. The cells are activated and grown prior to transfusion into the recipient (tumor bearer).
These earlier used chemotherapy regimens (e.g. the CHOP regimen consisting of three chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, and oncovin) plus a glucocorticoid, either prednisone or prednisolone) [7] achieve complete response rates of 48% to 85%, 3-year overall survival rates of 50% to 64%, and 5-year overall survival rates of ...
A retrospective study of patients treated with resection, chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had a higher 1-year and 5-year overall survival (100%, 33%) compared to one-year survival (73%) and five-year survival (14%) without transplantation; a second retrospective study supported the usefulness of ...
One study noted that one-third of MSI colorectal cancers showed a low immunoscore, suggesting that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes might be a good option for therapy for these patients. High numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were related to better survival rates and treatment responses. [34]
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are lymphocytes, including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, that penetrate the tumor and have the ability to recognize and kill cancer cells. [69] A high concentration is generally positively correlated with good prognosis (802). [ 70 ]
The disease has a five-year overall survival rate of only ~20%. [8] However, recent studies focusing on the malignant IEL in EATL have increased understanding of the disease and suggested newer chemotherapy-based strategies and novel molecular targets that might be attacked therapeutically to improve the disease's prognosis. [7]
Cellular adoptive therapy is another alternative for these patients. The first studies with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were performed at the Surgery Branch in the National Institutes of Health. These studies used TILs grown from different murine tumors and showed in vivo anti-tumor activity of these cells
Important tumor regressions were observed in patients treated with IL-2 and very large numbers (≥10 10) of expanded TILs (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes). [14] [15] Patients injected with expanded TILs directed against gp100 showed tumor regression but also significant adverse side effects such as uveitis.