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The Aral Sea (/ ˈ ær əl /) [5] [a] was an endorheic lake lying between Kazakhstan to its north and Uzbekistan to its south, which began shrinking in the 1960s and had largely dried up by the 2010s.
The Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan border is 2,330 km (1,450 mi) long and runs from the tripoint with Turkmenistan to the tripoint with Kyrgyzstan. [1] It is Uzbekistan's longest external boundary. The Uzbek capital Tashkent is situated just 13 km (8.1 mi) from this border.
An inland sea (also known as an epeiric sea or an epicontinental sea) is a continental body of water which is very large in area and is either completely surrounded by dry land or connected to an ocean by a river, strait or "arm of the sea". An inland sea will generally be brackish, with higher salinity than a freshwater lake but usually lower ...
Liechtenstein bordered the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had an Adriatic coastline, and Uzbekistan was then part of the Russian Empire, which had both ocean and sea access. With the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and creation of an independent, landlocked Austria , Liechtenstein became the sole doubly landlocked country until 1938.
Uzbekistan is the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. [1] Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south. [1] As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans, Uzbekistan is one of only two "doubly landlocked" countries—countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries.
The Aral Sea covers 68,000 square kilometres (26,300 sq mi) with Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the south. [3]Soviet irrigation projects begun in the 1960s and other environmental challenges have severely depleted this once massive inland sea and by 2007, it had shrunk to 10 percent of its original size.
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest enclosed body of water. Alakol: 2,650 square kilometres (1,023 sq mi) Almaty Region: Bird breeding and nesting ground Aral: 17,160 square kilometres (6,626 sq mi) Shrinking owing to environmental problems [1] Aralsor: 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) West Kazakhstan Region: Pink lake: Ashchykol
The Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier spans the Saryagash and Maktaaral administrative districts of southern Kazakhstan, and consists of a 2,5m-high barbed wire fence that includes searchlights. [11] The barrier is situated along the heavily populated towns and cities of eastern Uzbekistan. It was built to curb drug smuggling across the border ...