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The Aral Sea (/ ˈ ær əl /) [5] [a] was an endorheic lake lying between Kazakhstan to its north and Uzbekistan to its south, which began shrinking in the 1960s and had largely dried up by the 2010s.
Uzbekistan, which had been part of the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union, gained its independence with the dissolution of the latter in 1991 and became the second doubly landlocked country. However, Uzbekistan's doubly landlocked status depends on whether the Caspian Sea is considered a lake or a sea.
Uzbekistan is the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. [1] Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south. [1] As the Caspian Sea is an inland sea with no direct link to the oceans, Uzbekistan is one of only two "doubly landlocked" countries—countries completely surrounded by other landlocked countries.
The Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan border is 2,330 km (1,450 mi) long and runs from the tripoint with Turkmenistan to the tripoint with Kyrgyzstan. [1] It is Uzbekistan's longest external boundary. The Uzbek capital Tashkent is situated just 13 km (8.1 mi) from this border.
Most of the country lies at between 200–300 m (660–980 ft) above sea level, but Kazakhstan's Caspian shore includes some of the lowest elevations on Earth. Many of the peaks of the Altay and Tien Shan ranges are covered with snow, year-round, and their runoff is the source for most of Kazakhstan's freshwater rivers, streams, and lakes.
Excluding the northernmost districts, Kazakhstan consists of endorheic basins, where rivers flow into one of the numerous lakes. The most important drainage system is known as Yedisu, meaning "seven rivers" in Turkic languages. Below is a list of the more important lakes, some of which are shared (Caspian Sea, Lake Aral, Lake Aike, etc.) with ...
The Aral Sea covers 68,000 square kilometres (26,300 sq mi) with Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the south. [3]Soviet irrigation projects begun in the 1960s and other environmental challenges have severely depleted this once massive inland sea and by 2007, it had shrunk to 10 percent of its original size.
Map of Kazakhstan. This is a List of islands of Kazakhstan. There are several inland islands with Kazakhstan, including those on Lake Balkash, Lake Tengizi, the Caspian Sea, and the Aral Sea within Kazakhstan with islands. Click on the OpenStreetMap link to see the location of notable islands of Kazakhstan. [1] [2] [3]