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Bone marrow failure in both children and adults can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited bone marrow failure is often the cause in young children, while older children and adults may acquire the disease later in life. [3] Acquired bone marrow failure may be due to aplastic anemia [4] or myelodysplastic syndrome.
The decrease in blood cell counts does not occur right at the start of chemotherapy because the drugs do not destroy the cells already in the bloodstream (these are not dividing rapidly). Instead, the drugs affect new blood cells that are being made by the bone marrow. [4] When myelosuppression is severe, it is called myeloablation. [5]
For instance, in transient regional osteoporosis and bone bruises, bone marrow lesions start in one skeletal region and spontaneously appear in another skeletal region with time. [30] The cause is associated with active osteoporotic changes and low bone mineral density , which allows microfractures to occur in the affected region.
The liver is then used as the main hematopoietic organ of the embryo until near birth, where it is then taken over by the bone marrow. [5] Most red blood cells are released into the blood as reticulocytes. Polychromasia occurs when the immature reticulocytes of the bone marrow are released, resulting in a grayish blue color of the cells.
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
The condition arises from a fault in the bone marrow cells leading to over-production of platelets but the cause of the fault is unknown, and this type is not common. [2] When the cause is known such as another disorder or disease, the term thrombocytosis is preferred, as either secondary or reactive thrombocytosis. Reactive thrombocytosis is ...
Indicators of a poor prognosis: Advanced age; severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia; high blast count in the bone marrow (20–29%) or blasts in the blood; Auer rods; absence of ringed sideroblasts; abnormal localization or immature granulocyte precursors in bone marrow section; completely or mostly abnormal karyotypes, or complex marrow ...
Pancytopenia usually requires a bone marrow biopsy in order to distinguish among different causes. [5] anemia: hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dL (male) or < 12 g/dL (female). leukopenia: total white cell count < 4.0 x 10 9 /L. Decrease in all types of white blood cells (revealed by doing a differential count). thrombocytopenia: platelet count < 150×10 9 /L.