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  2. Argument (complex analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_(complex_analysis)

    Figure 1. This Argand diagram represents the complex number lying on a plane.For each point on the plane, arg is the function which returns the angle . In mathematics (particularly in complex analysis), the argument of a complex number z, denoted arg(z), is the angle between the positive real axis and the line joining the origin and z, represented as a point in the complex plane, shown as in ...

  3. Association list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_list

    The disadvantage of association lists is that the time to search is O(), where n is the length of the list. [3] For large lists, this may be much slower than the times that can be obtained by representing an associative array as a binary search tree or as a hash table.

  4. Swap (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swap_(computer_programming)

    For example, in a program, two variables may be defined thus (in pseudocode): data_item x := 1 data_item y := 0 swap (x, y); After swap() is performed, x will contain the value 0 and y will contain 1; their values have been exchanged. This operation may be generalized to other types of values, such as strings and aggregated data types.

  5. Principal value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_value

    The principal value of complex number argument measured in radians can be defined as: values in the range [,) values in the range (,] For example, many computing systems include an atan2(y, x) function.

  6. Lambert W function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function

    The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4. The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1. The minimum value of x is ...

  7. Cauchy principal value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_principal_value

    The principal value is the inverse distribution of the function and is almost the only distribution with this property: =: =.. ⁡ +, where is a constant and the Dirac distribution. In a broader sense, the principal value can be defined for a wide class of singular integral kernels on the Euclidean space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} .

  8. Principal branch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_branch

    A more familiar principal branch function, limited to real numbers, is that of a positive real number raised to the power of 1/2. For example, take the relation y = x 1/2, where x is any positive real number. This relation can be satisfied by any value of y equal to a square root of x (either positive or negative).

  9. XOR swap algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_swap_algorithm

    Using the XOR swap algorithm to exchange nibbles between variables without the use of temporary storage. In computer programming, the exclusive or swap (sometimes shortened to XOR swap) is an algorithm that uses the exclusive or bitwise operation to swap the values of two variables without using the temporary variable which is normally required.