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The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) program provides data about the development of children in the United States. [1] It is carried out by the Institute of Education Sciences. It provides data on children's status at birth and at various points thereafter.
It has been found that in their earliest school years, poor children lag behind others, suggesting they were ill-prepared for schooling. [1] The Abecedarian project was inspired by the fact that few other early childhood programs could provide a sufficiently well-controlled environment to determine the effectiveness of early childhood training.
The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (also known as the Dunedin Study) is a detailed study of human health, development and behaviour.Based at the University of Otago in New Zealand, the Dunedin Study has followed the lives of 1037 babies born between 1 April 1972 and 31 March 1973 at Dunedin's former Queen Mary Maternity Centre since their birth.
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time. Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are in one dimension only (one panel member or individual for the former, one time point for the latter).
Cross-sectional study: involves data collection from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. Longitudinal study: correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time. Cohort study and Panel study are particular forms of longitudinal study.
As an example a longitudinal study of early literacy development examined in detail the early literacy experiences of one child in each of 30 families. [76] Researchers may also observe ways that development varies between individuals, and hypothesize about the causes of variation in their data.
The experience sampling method (ESM), [1] also referred to as a daily diary method, or ecological momentary assessment (EMA), is an intensive longitudinal research methodology that involves asking participants to report on their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and/or environment on multiple occasions over time. [2]