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A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from high energy interactions like the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei or astronomical events like solar flares. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays.
Gamma rays, at the high-frequency end of the spectrum, have the highest photon energies and the shortest wavelengths—much smaller than an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays, X-rays, and extreme ultraviolet rays are called ionizing radiation because their high photon energy is able to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Longer-wavelength ...
Electromagnetic – gamma rays: 10 21: 1 zettahertz (ZHz) 36 ZHz: Resonance width of the rho meson: 10 24: 1 yottahertz (YHz) 10 27: 1 ronnahertz (RHz) 3.9 RHz: Highest energy (16 TeV) gamma ray detected, from Markarian 501: 10 30: 1 quettahertz (QHz) 10 43: 10 trillion QHz: 18.5 trillion QHz: The unit of inverse time (or frequency) in the ...
The radio window is the region of the radio spectrum that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Typically, the lower limit of the radio window's range has a value of about 10 MHz (λ ≈ 30 m); the best upper limit achievable from optimal terrestrial observation sites is equal to approximately 1 THz (λ ≈ 0.3 mm). [1] [2]
Typically, lightning discharges 30,000 amperes, at up to 100 million volts, and emits light, radio waves, x-rays and even gamma rays. [1] Plasma temperatures in lightning can approach 28,000 kelvins. Atmospheric electricity describes the electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet).
A terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), also known as dark lightning, is a burst of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere. TGFs have been recorded to last 0.2 to 3.5 milliseconds , and have energies of up to 20 million electronvolts .
The MAGIC telescope is used to detect very-high-energy gamma rays. A very-high-energy gamma ray (VHEGR) is gamma radiation with photon energies of 100 GeV (gigaelectronvolt) to 100 TeV (teraelectronvolt), i.e., 10 11 to 10 14 electronvolts. [1] This is approximately equal to wavelengths between 10 −17 and 10 −20 meters, or frequencies of 2 ...
Mean free path of gamma rays ... mean free path is the average distance over which a ... as well as different assumptions about the value of atmospheric pressure (100 ...