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For other uses, it is dissolved in water and then distilled. It achieves a highly scented, yellow-brown crystalline form. [6] One ton of iris root produces two kilos of essential oil, also referred to as orris root butter or butter of iris, and it is the most expensive substance used in the fragrance industry. [7]
Orris concrete is used in perfumery when the presence of myristic acid is not prohibitive, e.g.: in soap perfumes where the weak acid only acts as a fixative. The methyl and ethyl esters of myristic acid are often used for blending in violet type perfume bases. The high costs of orris oil production limit its application.
The Sufi monks drank coffee as an aid to concentration and even spiritual intoxication when they chanted the name of God. [59] Ilex guayusa: Ilex guayusa: Leaves: 1.73–3.48 % caffeine. [60] Theanine: Stimulant: A ritual use by the Quechua people involves drinking guayusa infusion to have foretelling dreams for successful hunting expeditions. [61]
Irones are a group of methylionone odorants used in perfumery, derived from iris oil, [1] e.g. orris root. The most commercially important of these are: (-)-cis-γ-irone, and (-)-cis-α-irone; Irones form through slow oxidation of triterpenoids in dried rhizomes of the iris species, Iris pallida.
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Orris oil is extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina), Iris germanica and Iris pallida. It is used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally. [23] Palo Santo; Parsley oil, used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men's fragrances. Patchouli oil, very common ingredient in perfumes.
This was a first step towards recording the Moon's influence upon tides and rivers, and towards organising a communal calendar. [26] Farmers addressed agricultural needs with increasing knowledge of the constellations that appear in the different seasons—and used the rising of particular star-groups to herald annual floods or seasonal ...
In 1973, a chemical study was carried out on Iris florentina, it found isoflavone glycosides. [30]A 1973 study isolated a xanthone (irisxanthone) from Iris florentina, which was identified as the tetraoxygenated xanthone glycoside 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxy-1,3,6-trihydroxyxanthone [31]