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The book is framed as a conversation between the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan, and Marco Polo.The majority of the book consists of brief prose poems describing 55 fictitious cities that are narrated by Polo, many of which can be read as commentary on culture, language, time, memory, death, or human experience generally.
Kublai Khan [b] [c] (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the dynastic name "Great Yuan" [d] in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.
The Uyghur-based Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Middle Mongol language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. [citation needed] Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked the Tibetan monk ʼPhags-pa to design a new alphabet for use by the whole ...
Ahmad Fanākatī, alternatively rendered as Ahmad Banākatī (Persian: احمد فناکتی / احمد بناکتی; simplified Chinese: 阿合马; traditional Chinese: 阿合馬; pinyin: Āhémǎ; before 1242 — 10 April 1282) was a Persian [1] Muslim from the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) who served as chancellor and finance minister of the Yuan dynasty during Kublai's reign.
His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan and in 1271 founded the Yuan dynasty. [6] After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279 after defeating the Southern Song in the Battle of Yamen, and reunited China under the Yuan dynasty. [7]
It is sometimes given the subtitles "A Vision in a Dream" and "A Fragment." According to Coleridge's preface to "Kubla Khan", the poem was composed one night after he experienced an opium-influenced dream after reading a work describing Xanadu, the summer capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China founded by Kublai Khan (Emperor Shizu of ...
She was an important political and diplomatic influence, especially in pleasing the Chinese masses through reconciliation with Confucianism. She was compared to Börte though for her reputation. [4] Rashid al-Din described her as extremely beautiful and charming. [5] Möngke Khagan died in 1259 while Kublai was campaigning against the Song dynasty.
In 1269, Kublai Khan commissioned Phagpa lama to design a new writing system to unify the writing systems of the multilingual empire. The 'Phags-pa script , also known as the "Square script", was based on the Tibetan script and written vertically from top was designed to write in Mongolian , Tibetan , Chinese , Uighur and Sanskrit languages [ 7 ...