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Diptera in research: Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly larvae being bred in tubes in a genetics laboratory Drosophila melanogaster , a fruit fly, has long been used as a model organism in research because of the ease with which it can be bred and reared in the laboratory, its small genome , and the fact that many of its genes have counterparts ...
Diptera is an order of winged insects commonly known as flies. Diptera, which are one of the most successful groups of organisms on Earth, are very diverse biologically. None are truly marine but they occupy virtually every terrestrial niche. Many have co-evolved in association with plants and animals.
The majority of insects have two pairs of wings. Flies possess only one set of lift-generating wings and one set of halteres. The order name for flies, "Diptera", literally means "two wings", but there is another order of insect which has evolved flight with only two wings: strepsipterans, or stylops; [2] they are the only other organisms that possess two wings and two halteres. [6]
Adults are small (< 2 millimetres (5 ⁄ 64 in)) to medium-sized insects (- < 10 millimetres (25 ⁄ 64 in)). Larger Diptera are rare, only certain families of Diptera Mydidae and Pantophthalmidae reach 95–100 millimetres (3 + 3 ⁄ 4 –4 in) wingspan while tropical species of Tipulidae have been recorded at over 100 millimetres (4 in).
A midge is any small fly, including species in several families of non-mosquito nematoceran Diptera. Midges are found (seasonally or otherwise) on practically every land area outside permanently arid deserts and the frigid zones. Some midges, such as many Phlebotominae (sand fly) and Simuliidae (black fly), are
This group is paraphyletic and contains all flies except for species from suborder Brachycera [4] (the name meaning "short-horns"), which includes more commonly known species such as the housefly or the common fruit fly. The equivalent clade to Nematocera is the whole Diptera, with
Ephydridae (shore fly, sometimes brine fly) is a family of insects in the order Diptera. Shore flies are tiny flies that can be found near seashores or at smaller inland waters, such as ponds. About 2,000 species have been described worldwide, [ 2 ] including Ochthera .
A Tachina sp. fly showing white calypters at the base of the wings Calypter of a Tachinid. A calypter is either of two posterior lobes of the posterior margin of the forewing of flies between the extreme posterior wing base and the alula, which covers the halteres.