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Javanese Kejawen community performing Birat Sengkolo ritual with offerings including several tumpeng. Kejawèn (Javanese: ꦏꦗꦮꦺꦤ꧀, romanized: Kajawèn) or Javanism, also called Kebatinan, Agama Jawa, and Kepercayaan, is a Javanese cultural tradition, consisting of an amalgam of Animistic, Buddhist, Islamic and Hindu aspects.
Ulama and kyais, mostly wealthy landowners of rural area, were authoritative figures in this system, and santri (students) learned Islam through taqlid (rote learning) and kitab kuning. Distinct characteristics of traditionalism are based on such syncretism and rural communal dynamics.
Indonesian traditional Quranic school. The spread of Islam in Indonesia was a slow, gradual and relatively peaceful process. One theory suggests it arrived directly from Arabia before the 9th century, while another credits Sufi merchants and preachers for bringing Islam to Indonesian islands in the 12th or 13th century either from Gujarat in India or directly from the Middle East. [4]
Interfaith greetings (Indonesian: Salam Lintas Agama), sometimes referred as Bhinneka greetings (Indonesian: Salam Kebhinekaan), [1] are often used to open formal meetings in Indonesia. The phrases combine the greeting phrases of several or all major religions in Indonesia.
Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith, promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism, and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices.
Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) or the Liberal Islam Network is a loose forum for discussing and disseminating the concept of Islamic liberalism in Indonesia. [1] One reason for its establishment is to counter the growing influence and activism of militant and Islamic extremism in Indonesia.
Eid mass prayer on open field during colonial Dutch East Indies period. The word Lebaran was derived from a Javanese word, and according to Indonesian Muslim scholar Umar Khayam, the lebaran tradition was the result of acculturation between Javanese culture and Islam during the 15th century.
The Quran refers to its original source as the “mother of the book” (umm al-kitab) which is located in the presence of Allah (God).[3] [4] The Quran itself also calls this a “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz) [5] a “concealed book” (kitab maknun).