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Posthepatic jaundice (obstructive jaundice) is caused by a blockage of bile ducts that transport bile containing conjugated bilirubin out of the liver for excretion. [29] This is a list of conditions that can cause posthepatic jaundice: Choledocholithiasis (common bile duct gallstones). It is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice.
Courvoisier's sign occurs due to the gradual (chronic) nature of the obstruction caused by cancer (e.g. pancreatic, often located in pancreatic head, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.), which gradually causes biliary back-pressure and gradually distends the gallbladder over time, without causing acute damage, thus without causing pain.
[3] [4] The degree of yellowish staining of the conjunctiva and skin in jaundice is proportional to hyperbilirubinemia to some extent. [6] Vital signs, such as fever, tachycardia and hypotension, suggest hyperbilirubinemia induced by viral hepatitis. [4] Abdominal pain could indicate biliary tract obstruction and cirrhosis. [4]
Cholestasis is a condition where the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum is impaired. [1] The two basic distinctions are: [1] obstructive type of cholestasis, where there is a mechanical blockage in the duct system that can occur from a gallstone or malignancy, and
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Jaundice of the skin or eyes is an important physical finding in biliary obstruction. Jaundice and/or clay-colored stool may raise suspicion of choledocholithiasis or even gallstone pancreatitis. [1] If the above symptoms coincide with fever and chills, the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis may also be considered.
The underlying causes of hemolytic jaundice, as its name suggests, are disorders associated with hemolysis. Such disorders are manifold and the common causes include: Blood smear of a patient with sickle cell disease. The characteristic sickle-shaped appearance of red blood cells can be observed.
Mirizzi's syndrome is a rare complication in which a gallstone becomes impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder causing compression of the common hepatic duct, resulting in obstruction and jaundice. The obstructive jaundice can be caused by direct extrinsic compression by the stone or from fibrosis caused by chronic cholecystitis ...