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Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in a solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the difference in color. An ...
Elodea is a genus of eight species of aquatic plants often called the waterweeds described as a genus in 1803. Classified in the frog's-bit family ( Hydrocharitaceae ), Elodea is native to the Americas [ 1 ] and is also widely used as aquarium vegetation and laboratory demonstrations of cellular activities.
Elodea bifoliata is an perennial aquatic plant that roots in the bottoms of freshwater streams and lakes. [3] It has small flat leaves just 4.7–24.8 millimeters long. [ 4 ] They are narrow and grass like or only slightly elliptic , 0.8–2.5 mm in width.
Bromothymol blue is the indicator used in the agar, it changes to yellow in case of acid production during fermentation of lactose or changes to deep blue in case of alkalinization. Lactose-positive bacteria build yellow colonies. Bacteria which decarboxylate L-cystine cause an alkaline reaction and build deep blue colonies. [1]
The photosynthetic efficiency (i.e. oxygenic photosynthesis efficiency) is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2
Inoculating from a broth culture is not recommended because the inoculum would be too heavy. If the organism has the ability to use citrate, the medium usually changes its color from green to blue, though growth on the medium even without colour change is considered a positive result. [1] An observation of no growth is a negative result.
The standards used include potassium dichromate (isosbestic points at 339 and 445 nm), bromothymol blue (325 and 498 nm) and congo red (541 nm). The wavelength of the isosbestic point determined does not depend on the concentration of the substance used, and so it becomes a very reliable reference.
Use of citrate results in the creation of carbonates and bicarbonates as byproducts. Organisms degrading citrate must also use the ammonium salts, producing ammonia, [10] thus increasing the pH of the medium. [11] The increase in pH then causes color change in the bromothymol blue indicator, turning it blue.