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Atherosclerosis is characterized by the build-up of plaque inside your blood vessels. It can lead to stenosis, which is a narrowing of your artery walls. Plaque is a fatty substance made up of:
The thrombus then travels downstream to other blood vessels, where the blood clot may partially or completely block blood flow. If the blood flow is completely blocked, cell deaths occur due to the lack of oxygen supply to nearby cells, resulting in necrosis. [83] The narrowing or obstruction of blood flow can occur in any artery within the body.
Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
These deposits gradually get more white fat-like during adulthood. In adults, the deposits that are most often detected in FDG-PET scans are the supraclavicular, paravertebral, mediastinal, para-aortic and suprarenal ones. [15] [7] It remains to be determined whether these deposits are 'classical' brown adipose tissue or beige/brite fat. [16] [17]
Foam cells are fat-laden cells with a M2 macrophage-like phenotype. They contain low density lipoproteins (LDL) and can be rapidly detected by examining a fatty plaque under a microscope after it is removed from the body. [4] They are named because the lipoproteins give the cell a foamy appearance. [5]
Narrowed arterial blood vessel blocked with an atheroma (artist's conception). If the muscular wall enlargement eventually fails to keep up with the enlargement of the atheroma volume, or a clot forms and organizes over the plaque, then the lumen of the artery becomes narrowed as a result of repeated ruptures, clots and fibrosis over the ...
“The chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the inner lining of the arteries creating plaques or fatty deposits that narrow the lumen, reduce the blood supply, and thereby the oxygen supply to the ...
A fatty streak is the first grossly visible (visible to the naked eye) lesion in the development of atherosclerosis. It appears as an irregular yellow-white discoloration on the luminal surface of an artery .