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In dermatopathology, the Tzanck test, also Tzanck smear, is scraping of an ulcer base to look for Tzanck cells. It is sometimes also called the chickenpox skin test and the herpes skin test. It is a simple, low-cost, and rapid office based test. [1] Tzanck cells (acantholytic cells) are found in: Herpes simplex [2] Varicella and herpes zoster
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [ 1 ]
It may reactivate under conditions of physiological stress or if the immune system is suppressed in any way (for example during an illness or undergoing chemotherapy), resulting in herpes zoster, also known as shingles or Ramsay Hunt syndrome when facial paralysis in involved. If the nerve cells affected lie within the facial nerves, it causes ...
(This is the interim African Region version for persons aged 15 years or more who have had a positive HIV antibody test or other laboratory evidence of HIV infection) (The United Nations defines adolescents as persons aged 10−19 years but for surveillance purposes, the category of adults and adolescents comprises people aged 15 years and over)
In the past nucleic acid tests have mainly been used as a secondary test to confirm positive serological results. [3] However, as they become cheaper and more automated, they are increasingly becoming the primary tool for diagnostics and can also be use for monitoring of treatment of viral infected individuals t. [3]
With resolution of the herpes zoster eruption, pain that continues for three months or more is defined as postherpetic neuralgia. Pain is variable, from discomfort to very severe, and may be described as burning, stabbing, or gnawing. Signs: [citation needed] Area of previous herpes zoster may show evidence of cutaneous scarring.
A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain ( postherpetic neuralgia ), as well as other complications.
There are medical tests that can aid in diagnosing the severity of the disease process, however are not necessary for initial diagnosis. Imaging studies: may help diagnose the extent of retinal involvement; Optical coherence tomography (OCT): this test allows ophthalmologists to look at outer and inner layers of the retina