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The Suzuki reaction or Suzuki coupling is an organic reaction that uses a palladium complex catalyst to cross-couple a boronic acid to an organohalide. [1] [2] [3] It was first published in 1979 by Akira Suzuki, and he shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard F. Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi for their contribution to the discovery and development of noble metal catalysis in organic ...
The Miyaura borylation has shown to work for: Alkyl halides, [ 2 ] aryl halides, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] aryl halides using tetrahydroxydiboron , [ 5 ] aryl halides using bis-boronic acid, [ 6 ] aryl triflates , [ 7 ] aryl mesylates , [ 8 ] vinyl halides, [ 9 ] vinyl halides of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, [ 10 ] and vinyl triflates.
The mechanism of protodeboronation was initially investigated by Kuivila in the 1960s, long before the discovery of the Suzuki reaction and the popularisation of boronic acids. Their studies focused on the protodeboronation of some substituted aromatic boronic acids in aqueous conditions, and they reported the presence of two distinct ...
Other common traits of scooters can include: bodywork (so the mechanicals are not exposed like a conventional motorcycle), motors combined with the suspension or wheel (rather than attached to the frame like a conventional motorcycle), leg shields, smaller wheels than a conventional motorcycle, and an alternative to a chain drive. [1]
A smaller vehicle, typically just a deck to stand on with two (or three) wheels and a handlebar on a vertical stem is also termed a scooter; such scooters if unpowered are termed kick scooters, and e-scooters if battery powered. E-scooters are made available for hire by several companies in a scooter-sharing system.
The term scooty has become the generic term for scooter in India [1]. A scooter (motor scooter) is a motorcycle with an underbone or step-through frame, a seat, a transmission that shifts without the operator having to operate a clutch lever, a platform for their feet, and with a method of operation that emphasizes comfort and fuel economy.
Modern designs have the two wheels of a motorcycle connected to the chassis by a suspension arrangement, however 'chopper' style motorcycles often elect to forgo rear suspension, using a rigid frame. The front suspension is usually built into the front fork and may consist of telescoping tubes called fork tubes which contain the suspension ...
The Sixteen series of scooters are produced by Suzuki with 125 cc (7.6 cu in) up to 150 cc (9.2 cu in) versions. They were introduced in late 2007 and started shipping in 2008. They were introduced in late 2007 and started shipping in 2008.
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