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C++ has neither the UAP nor properties, when an object is changed such that an attribute (color) becomes a pair of functions (getA, setA). Any place in that uses an instance of the object and either sets or gets the attribute value (x = obj.color or obj.color = x) must be changed to invoke one of the functions. (x = obj.getColor() or obj ...
The biconditional is true in two cases, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), [2] and can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if", equal to "if ... then") combined with its reverse ("if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of ...
Venn diagram of (true part in red) In logic and mathematics, the logical biconditional, also known as material biconditional or equivalence or biimplication or bientailment, is the logical connective used to conjoin two statements and to form the statement "if and only if" (often abbreviated as "iff " [1]), where is known as the antecedent, and the consequent.
The second operation, x ⊕ y, or Jxy, is called exclusive or (often abbreviated as XOR) to distinguish it from disjunction as the inclusive kind. It excludes the possibility of both x and y being true (e.g. see table): if both are true then result is false. Defined in terms of arithmetic it is addition where mod 2 is 1 + 1 = 0.
In Boolean logic, logical NOR, [1] non-disjunction, or joint denial [1] is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of logical or.That is, a sentence of the form (p NOR q) is true precisely when neither p nor q is true—i.e. when both p and q are false.
Logical equality is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if and only if both operands are false or both operands are true. The truth table of p EQ q (also written as p = q, p ↔ q, Epq, p ≡ q, or p == q) is as follows: The Venn diagram of A EQ B (red part is true)
Both A and B conjunct A and B are conjoined Disjunction Either A or B, or both disjunct A and B are disjoined Negation It is not the case that A negatum/negand A is negated Conditional If A, then B antecedent, consequent B is implied by A Biconditional A if, and only if, B equivalents A and B are equivalent
An example of a decision problem is deciding with the help of an algorithm whether a given natural number is prime. Another example is the problem, "given two numbers x and y, does x evenly divide y?" A method for solving a decision problem, given in the form of an algorithm, is called a decision procedure for that problem.