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  2. Sulfuric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid

    Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H 2 SO 4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is miscible with water. [7] Structure ...

  3. Oleum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleum

    The lead chamber process for sulfuric acid production was abandoned, partly because it could not produce sulfur trioxide or concentrated sulfuric acid directly due to corrosion of the lead, and absorption of NO 2 gas. Until this process was made obsolete by the contact process, oleum had to be obtained through indirect methods.

  4. Water-reactive substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-reactive_substances

    Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .

  5. Why salt melts ice — and how to use it on your sidewalk - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/chemists-told-us-why-salt...

    Anything dissolved in water can have the same effect of lowering the freezing temperature, but salt is used, Ferguson says, because when one unit of salt dissolves, it yields two to three ...

  6. High-temperature corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-temperature_corrosion

    High-temperature corrosion is a mechanism of corrosion that takes place when gas turbines, diesel engines, furnaces or other machinery come in contact with hot gas containing certain contaminants. Fuel sometimes contains vanadium compounds or sulfates, which can form low melting point compounds during combustion.

  7. Piranha solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piranha_solution

    One procedure for acid-base neutralization consists in pouring the piranha solution into a sufficiently large glass container filled with at least five times the solution's mass of ice (for cooling the exothermic reaction, and also for dilution purposes), then slowly adding 1M sodium or potassium hydroxide solution until neutralized.

  8. Sodium sulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate

    The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid, in the Mannheim process, or from sulfur dioxide in the Hargreaves process. [21] The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as salt cake. Mannheim: 2 NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HCl + Na 2 SO 4

  9. Corrosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion

    Concentration cells can form in the deposits of corrosion products, leading to localized corrosion. Accelerated low-water corrosion (ALWC) is a particularly aggressive form of MIC that affects steel piles in seawater near the low water tide mark. It is characterized by an orange sludge, which smells of hydrogen sulfide when treated with acid.