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Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
Disjunction: the symbol appeared in Russell in 1908 [6] (compare to Peano's use of the set-theoretic notation of union); the symbol + is also used, in spite of the ambiguity coming from the fact that the + of ordinary elementary algebra is an exclusive or when interpreted logically in a two-element ring; punctually in the history a + together ...
middle dot (for multiplication) 1698 (perhaps deriving from a much earlier use of middle dot to separate juxtaposed numbers) ⁄. division slash (a.k.a. solidus) 1718 (deriving from horizontal fraction bar, invented by Abu Bakr al-Hassar in the 12th century) Thomas Twining. ≠.
In mathematics, the disjoint union (or discriminated union) of the sets A and B is the set formed from the elements of A and B labelled (indexed) with the name of the set from which they come. So, an element belonging to both A and B appears twice in the disjoint union, with two different labels. A disjoint union of an indexed family of sets is ...
According to the principle of acrophony, the letter A originated from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet as a symbol representing the head of an ox or cow (aleph), its orientation and original meaning having been lost over time. The turned A symbol restores the letter to a more easily recognizable logographic representation of an ox's head.
The glyph of the up tack appears as an upside-down tee symbol, and as such is sometimes called eet (the word "tee" in reverse). [citation needed] Tee plays a complementary or dual role in many of these theories. The similar-looking perpendicular symbol ( , \perp in LaTeX, U+27C2 in Unicode) is a binary relation symbol used to represent:
For example, the union of three sets A, B, and C contains all elements of A, all elements of B, and all elements of C, and nothing else. Thus, x is an element of A ∪ B ∪ C if and only if x is in at least one of A, B, and C. A finite union is the union of a finite number of sets; the phrase does not imply that the union set is a finite set ...