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Contra-accounts are accounts with negative balances that offset other balance sheet accounts. Examples are accumulated depreciation (offset against fixed assets), and the allowance for bad debts (offset against accounts receivable). Deferred interest is also offset against receivables rather than being classified as a liability.
Also excluded are the accounts receivable from bankrupt customers [8] and accounts receivable that are too old [9] – usually over 90 days past due [10] (in some cases over 120 days past due. [11]) Different proportions (or 'advance rates') of accounts receivable and of the inventory are included into borrowing base.
Current assets include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments in companies in the process of being sold, accounts receivable, stock inventory, supplies, and the prepaid liabilities that will be paid within a year. [1] Such assets are expected to be realised in cash or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business.
Asset and expense accounts have a normal debit balance, while liability, equity and income accounts have a normal credit balance. [1] Generally a normal balance is shown in statements as a positive number. In the case of a contra account, however, the normal balance convention is reversed and a normal balance is reported either as a negative ...
In accounting, a basis of accounting is a method used to define, recognise, and report financial transactions. [1] The two primary bases of accounting are the cash basis of accounting, or cash accounting, method and the accrual accounting method. A third method, the modified cash basis, combines elements of both accrual and cash accounting.
In bookkeeping, a general ledger is a bookkeeping ledger in which accounting data are posted from journals and aggregated from subledgers, such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management, fixed assets, purchasing and projects. [1] A general ledger may be maintained on paper, on a computer, or in the cloud. [2]
The cash method of accounting, also known as cash-basis accounting, cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting or cash accounting (the EU VAT directive vocabulary Article 226) records revenue when cash is received, and expenses when they are paid in cash. [1] As a basis of accounting, this is in contrast to the alternative accrual ...
The cash flow statement differs from the balance sheet and income statement in that it excludes non-cash transactions required by accrual basis accounting, such as depreciation, deferred income taxes, write-offs on bad debts and sales on credit where receivables have not yet been collected. [5] The cash flow statement is intended to: [6] [7] [8]