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Diffuse axonal injury after a motorcycle accident. MRI after 3 days: on T1-weighted images the injury is barely visible. On the FLAIR, DWI and T2*-weighted images a small bleed is identifiable. DAI is difficult to detect since it does not show up well on CT scans or with other macroscopic imaging techniques, though it shows up microscopically. [9]
Diffuse axonal injury, or DAI, usually occurs as the result of an acceleration or deceleration motion, not necessarily an impact. Axons are stretched and damaged when parts of the brain of differing density slide over one another. Prognoses vary widely depending on the extent of the damage.
Diffuse axonal injury is caused by shearing forces on the brain leading to lesions in the white matter tracts of the brain. [31] These shearing forces are seen in cases where the brain had a sharp rotational acceleration, and is caused by the difference in density between white matter and grey matter. [32]
Diffuse axonal injury may be associated with coma when severe, and poor outcome. [10] Following the acute stage, prognosis is strongly influenced by the patient's involvement in activity that promote recovery, which for most patients requires access to a specialised, intensive rehabilitation service.
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
Rotational forces are a common cause of diffuse injuries; [5] these forces are common in diffuse injuries such as concussion and diffuse axonal injury. The term "diffuse" has been called a misnomer, since injury is often actually multifocal, with multiple locations of injury. [2] Diffuse injuries include the following:
Detroit Pistons guard Jaden Ivey was enjoying a career year, which will now have to be put on hold. The 2022 fifth overall pick underwent surgery on Thursday to repair a broken fibula in his left ...
Effects of SBS are thought to be diffuse axonal injury, oxygen deprivation and swelling of the brain, [54] which can raise pressure inside the skull and damage delicate brain tissue, although witnessed shaking events have not led to such injuries. Direct injuries include skull fractures, cortical contusions, diffuse axonal injuries, and ...