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The Purusha Sukta might have been a later interpolation to secure Vedic sanction for that scheme". [10] Stephanie Jamison and Joel Brereton, a professor of Sanskrit and Religious studies, state that "the varna system seems to be embryonic in the Rigveda and, both then and later, a social ideal rather than a social reality".
The varna system is discussed in Hindu texts, and understood as idealised human callings. [9] [10] The concept is generally traced to the Purusha Sukta verse of the Rig Veda. In the post-Vedic period, the varna division is described in the Mahabharata, Puranas and in the Dharmashastra literatures. [11]
The tenth mandala, or chapter, of the Rigveda contains 191 hymns. Together with Mandala 1, it forms the latest part of the Rigveda, containing material, including the Purusha Sukta (10.90) and the dialogue of Sarama with the Panis (10.108), and notably containing several dialogue hymns.
According to a hymn in Mandala 10, Rigveda 10.90.11-2, Brahmins are described as having emerged from the mouth of Purusha, being that part of the body from which words emerge. [19] The Purusha Sukta varna verse is now generally considered to have been inserted at a later date into the Vedic text, possibly as a charter myth. [20]
The hymn Purusha Sukta to the Rigveda describes the symbolic creation of the four varna-s through cosmic sacrifice (yajña). Some scholars consider the Purusha Sukta to be a late interpolation into the Rigveda based on the neological character of the composition, as compared to the more archaic style of the Vedic literature. [7]
The Mudgala Upanishad, along with Subala Upanishad, is one of the two Upanishads that discuss the Purusha Sukta of Rigveda. [1] It is notable for asserting that Narayana (Vishnu) is the Brahman (Highest reality, Supreme being), that he created the universe from a fourth part of himself, then became himself the Atman (soul) in individual living ...
The Purusha Sukta verse is now generally considered to have been inserted at a later date ... Varna is rarely mentioned in the extensive medieval era records of ...
The varna system is propounded in revered Hindu religious texts, and understood as idealised human callings. [75] [76] The Purusha Sukta of the Rigveda and Manusmriti ' s comment on it, being the oft-cited texts. [77]