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The reliability scores of the scales in terms of Cronbach's alpha scores rate the Depression scale at 0.91, the Anxiety scale at 0.84, and the Stress scale at 0.90 in the normative sample. The means and standard deviations for each scale are 6.34 and 6.97 for depression, 4.7 and 4.91 for anxiety, and 10.11 and 7.91 for stress, respectively.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
In 1993, Beck, Steer, and Beck used a three factor structure including subjective, somatic, and panic subscale scores to differentiate among a sample of clinically anxious outpatients [10] Because the somatic subscale is emphasized on the BAI, with 15 out of 21 items measuring physiological symptoms, perhaps the cognitive, affective, and ...
A number of researchers have explored HADS data to establish the cut-off points for caseness of anxiety or depression. Bjelland et al (2002) [3] through a literature review of a large number of studies identified a cut-off point of 8/21 for anxiety or depression. For anxiety (HADS-A) this gave a specificity of 0.78 and a sensitivity of 0.9.
According to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' [3] By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or ...
(The Center Square) – Thousands of snow geese migrating across Pennsylvania have authorities working overtime to mitigate the recent outbreak of bird flu and ensure public safety. The state Game ...
The assessment is indicated by the total score, which is made up by adding together the scores for the scale of all seven items with responses getting 0 to 3 points: Not at all (0 points) Several days (1 point) More than half the days (2 points) Nearly every day (3 points) [5]
Each item yields a score of 0 to 6; the overall score thus ranges from 0 to 60. [4] Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression. Usual cutoff points are: 0 to 6: normal [5] /symptom absent [4] 7 to 19: mild depression [4] [5] 20 to 34: moderate depression [5] 35 to 60: severe depression. [5]