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Laird (earlier lard) is the now-standard Scots pronunciation (and phonetic spelling) of the word that is pronounced and spelled in standard English as lord. [3] As can be seen in the Middle English version of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, [4] specifically in the Reeve's Tale, Northern Middle English had a where Southern Middle English had o, a difference still found in standard English two and ...
According to the 2011 census, 1,541,693 people can speak Scots in Scotland, approximately 30% of the population. [2] The 2011 census asked people to specify the language that they used at home. [28] This found that the language used by majority of people aged 3 and over (92.6%) was English. [3]
Northumbrian Old English had been established in south-eastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the 7th century. It remained largely confined to this area until the 13th century, continuing in common use while Scottish Gaelic was the court language until displaced by Norman French in the early 12th century.
Scottish collections of music like the 13th-century 'Wolfenbüttel 677', which is associated with St Andrews, contain mostly French compositions, but with some distinctive local styles. [120] The captivity of James I in England from 1406 to 1423, where he earned a reputation as a poet and composer, may have led him to take English and ...
The French language became an international language, the second international language alongside Latin, in the Middle Ages, "from the fourteenth century onwards".It was not by virtue of the power of the Kingdom of France: '"... until the end of the fifteenth century, the French of the chancellery spread as a political and literary language because the French court was the model of chivalric ...
It is used to refer to people or things of Norman, Anglo-Norman, French or even Flemish or Breton origin, [1] [2] but who are associated with Scotland in the Middle Ages like Scoto-Anglo-Saxon. [1] [2] It is also used for any of these things where they exhibit syncretism between French or Anglo-French culture on the one hand and Gaelic culture ...
French is also the second most geographically widespread language in the world after English, with about 60 countries and territories having it as a de jure or de facto official, administrative, or cultural language. [1] The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where French is an official or de facto language.
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. [1] [2] The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles.