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Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome. [5] It is taken by mouth. [5] Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes. [5] Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovarian cancer, and ...
Although controversial, [59] off-label clomiphene citrate, an antiestrogen, may also be effective by elevating gonadotropin levels. [58] Though androgens are absolutely essential for spermatogenesis and therefore male fertility, exogenous testosterone therapy has been found to be ineffective in benefiting men with low sperm count. [60]
Aromatase inhibitors are a common fertility treatment to treat women with PCOS. A meta-analysis analyzing live birth rates for women with PCOS treated with clomiphene compared to letrozole found that letrozole resulted in higher live birth rates. [11] However, ovulation induction remains an off-label indication, which affects use.
Clomifene citrate is a very efficient ovulation inductor, and has a success rate of 67%. Nevertheless, it only has a 37% success rate in inducing pregnancy. This difference may be due to the anti-estrogenic effect which clomifene citrate has on the endometrium , cervical mucus , uterine blood flow, as well as the resulting decrease in the ...
Female fertility agents are medications that improve female’s ability to conceive pregnancy. These agents are prescribed for infertile female who fails to conceive pregnancy after 1-year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. [1] The following will cover the advancements of female fertility agents, major causes of female infertility.
Urinary ovulation prediction kits are typically found over-the-counter and there are many brands to choose from. This test measures the amount of luteinizing hormone, a hormone that increases just before ovulation, that is in the urine. Before ovulation, the luteinizing hormone levels dramatically increase; this is known as the "LH surge".
Clomifene is a mixture of estrogenic and antiestrogenic isomers . [24] Cis and trans are defined in terms of the geometric relationships of the two unsubstituted phenyl rings. [ 25 ] The two isomers of clomifene have different profiles, where the trans-form has activity more similar to tamoxifen while the cis-form behaves more like 17β ...
Gonadotropin preparations are drugs that mimic the physiological effects of gonadotropins, used therapeutically mainly as fertility medication for ovarian hyperstimulation and ovulation induction. [1] For example, the so-called menotropins consist of LH and FSH extracted from human urine from menopausal women. [2] There are also recombinant ...