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The Silent Dictatorship: The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918 (London: Croom Helm, 1976) Morrow, John. German Air Power in World War I (U. of Nebraska Press, 1982); Contains design and production figures, as well as economic influences. Sheldon, Jack (2005). The German Army on the Somme: 1914 - 1916.
Burden of Guilt: How Germany Shattered the Last Days of Peace (2010) excerpt, popular overview. Carroll, E. Malcolm. Germany and the great powers, 1866–1914: A study in public opinion and foreign policy (1938) online; 862pp; written for advanced students. Cecil, Lamar Wilhelm II: Emperor and Exile, 1900–1941 (1996), a scholarly biography
German historian Hagen Schulze said the Treaty placed Germany "under legal sanctions, deprived of military power, economically ruined, and politically humiliated." [ 229 ] Belgian historian Laurence Van Ypersele emphasises the central role played by memory of the war and the Versailles Treaty in German politics in the 1920s and 1930s:
The sets of armies joined battle on both sides. General Pierre Ruffey's Third Army to the south and Fernand de Langle de Cary's Fourth Army to the north, fighting Germany's Fourth, led by Duke Albrecht, and Fifth army, led by Crown Prince Wilhelm. [6] The German troops started moving through the forest on 19 August.
Gottlieb von Jagow − German Foreign Minister (1913–1916) Arthur Zimmermann [13] − German Foreign Minister (1916–1917) Richard von Kühlmann - German Foreign Minister (1917–1918) Paul von Hintze - German Foreign Minister (1918) Helmuth von Moltke [14] − Chief of the German General Staff (1906–1914)
With the withdrawal of Russia, Germany moved troops from the Eastern Front to reinforce the Western Front. This allowed them to take units out of the line for retraining as stormtroopers. On 21 March 1918, Germany launched Operation Michael, a major offensive, using the new tactics. Four successive German offensives followed and for the first ...
Austria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian military intervention. German Empire gives assurances of support. [2] July 23 Politics: Beginning of the "Black Week". Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Kingdom of Serbia. Kingdom of Serbia responds that night, agreeing to most but not all terms of the ultimatum.
On 3 August 1914, Germany responded to this action by declaring war on France. [16] Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the Schlieffen Plan, which involved German armed forces moving through Belgium and swinging south into France and towards the French capital of Paris. This plan was hoped to quickly gain victory against ...