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Different deformation modes may occur under different conditions, as can be depicted using a deformation mechanism map. Permanent deformation is irreversible; the deformation stays even after removal of the applied forces, while the temporary deformation is recoverable as it disappears after the removal of applied forces.
The compression set (ASTM D395) of a material is the permanent deformation remaining after compressing it. [1] In specific methods, temperatures and percent compression are specified. The term is normally applied to soft materials such as elastomers and foams. Compression is normally measured in two ways: compression set A and compression set B ...
Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation. The yield strength or yield stress is a material property and is the stress corresponding to the yield point at which the material begins to deform plastically.
For sheet metal forming analysis within the metal forming process, a successful technique requires a non-contact optical 3D deformation measuring system. The system analyzes, calculates and documents deformations of sheet metal parts, for example. It provides the 3D coordinates of the component's surface as well as the distribution of major and ...
An idealized uniaxial stress-strain curve showing elastic and plastic deformation regimes for the deformation theory of plasticity. There are several mathematical descriptions of plasticity. [12] One is deformation theory (see e.g. Hooke's law) where the Cauchy stress tensor (of order d-1 in d dimensions) is a function of the strain tensor ...
Initially, this permanent deformation is non-uniformly distributed along the sample. During this process, dislocations escape from Cottrell atmospheres within the material. The resulting slip bands appear at the lower yield point and propagate along the gauge length, at constant stress, until the Lüders strain is reached, and deformation ...
A main aspect of densification is the shape change of the powder particles. Since this change involves permanent deformation of crystalline solids, it can be considered a plastic deformation process and thus sintering can be described as a high temperature creep process. [28]
Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity increases during plastic (permanent) strain, or deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. [1]