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  2. Electric field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field

    An electric field (sometimes called E-field[1]) is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles. Charged particles exert attractive forces on each other when their charges are opposite, and repulse each other when their charges are the same. Because these forces are exerted mutually, two charges must be present for the ...

  3. Electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

    The electric field was formally defined as the force exerted per unit charge, but the concept of potential allows for a more useful and equivalent definition: the electric field is the local gradient of the electric potential. Usually expressed in volts per metre, the vector direction of the field is the line of greatest slope of potential, and ...

  4. Gauss's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss's_law

    Gauss's law. Foundational law of electromagnetism relating electric field and charge distributions. Gauss's law in its integral form is particularly useful when, by symmetry reasons, a closed surface (GS) can be found along which the electric field is uniform. The electric flux is then a simple product of the surface area and the strength of ...

  5. Electric flux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_flux

    Dimension. M L3 T−3 I−1. In electromagnetism, electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a given surface, [1] although an electric field in itself cannot flow. The electric field E can exert a force on an electric charge at any point in space. The electric field is the gradient of the potential.

  6. Field (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(physics)

    Field (physics) Illustration of the electric field surrounding a positive (red) and a negative (blue) charge. In science, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time. [1][2][3] An example of a scalar field is a weather map, with the surface temperature described ...

  7. Classical electromagnetism and special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electromagnetism...

    The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic fields, are altered under a Lorentz transformation from one inertial frame of reference to another. It sheds light on the relationship between ...

  8. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    The most common description of the electromagnetic field uses two three-dimensional vector fields called the electric field and the magnetic field. These vector fields each have a value defined at every point of space and time and are thus often regarded as functions of the space and time coordinates. As such, they are often written as E(x, y ...

  9. Classical electromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electromagnetism

    Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. It is, therefore, a classical field theory. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant ...

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