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The Mongolian Revolution of 1911 [a] occurred when the region of Outer Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [1] A combination of factors, including economic hardship and failure to resist Western imperialism, led many in China to be unhappy with the Qing government.
On 1 December 1911 Outer Mongolia declared independence, and established a theocracy under the Khutuktu. On 29 December he was installed as the Bogd Khan (Great Khan, or Emperor) of Mongolia. [5] This ushered in the Bogd Khan era, which lasted from 1911 to 1919.
The Mongolian People's Republic declared war on Japan, one day after the Soviet Union, and began to liberate Southern Mongolia from the China and the Japan. October: A plebiscite yielded a 100% pro-independence vote. 1946: January: The Chinese government recognized the independence of Mongolian People's Republic. 1949: 6 October
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out and including both Outter and Inner Mongolia declared its independence on December 29, 1911. [3] [4] The newly established Bogd Khanate of Mongolia led by the Bogd Khan lasted for 8 years until it was occupied by the Republic of China in 1919, but regained its independence on 11 July 1921.
During the Xinhai Revolution, Mongolia declared independence from Qing but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. [2] As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence.
The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia [a] was a country in Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1915 and again from 1921 to 1924. By the spring of 1911, some prominent Mongol nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence from Qing China.
[10] [11] After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, and achieved actual independence from the Republic of China in 1921. Shortly thereafter, the country became a satellite state of the Soviet Union. In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was founded as a socialist state. [12]
The end of Qing rule in Tannu Uriankhai came quickly. On 10 October 1911, the Wuchang Uprising led to a full-scale revolution to overthrow the Qing, and soon afterwards many Chinese provinces rapidly declared their independence. Outer Mongolia declared its own independence from China on 1 December and expelled the Qing viceroy four days later. [29]