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The Papez circuit / p eɪ p z /, [1] [2] [unreliable source?] [3] or medial limbic circuit, is a neural circuit for the control of emotional expression. In 1937, James Papez proposed that the circuit connecting the hypothalamus to the limbic lobe was the basis for emotional experiences.
Papez never mentioned Broca's limbic lobe but others noted that his circuit was very similar to Broca's great limbic lobe. [5] Papez received his MD from the University of Minnesota College of Medicine and Surgery. He was a neurologist at Cornell University and curator of the Wilder Brain Collection when he published his 1937 journal article.
He postulated the limbic system as the brain's center of emotions, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Developing observations made by Papez, he hypothesized that the limbic system had evolved in early mammals to control fight-or-flight responses and react to both emotionally pleasurable and painful sensations.
Another is the Papez circuit linking the hypothalamus to the limbic lobe. There are several neural circuits in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. These circuits carry information between the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and back to the cortex.
The mammillothalamic tract is part of the Papez circuit (involved in spatial memory), starting and finishing in the hippocampus. [1] The fibers of the MMT are heavily myelinated. [2] [3] [4] It arises from the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary bodies, and from fibers that are directly continued from the fornix of the hippocampus.
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Early stages of research on emotions and the brain was conducted by Paul Broca, [4] James Papez, [5] and Paul D. MacLean. [6] Their work suggests that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system. The limbic system is made up of the following brain structures:
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