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Slavery in Maryland lasted over 200 years, from its beginnings in 1642 when the first Africans were brought as slaves to St. Mary's City, to its end after the Civil War. While Maryland developed similarly to neighboring Virginia, slavery declined in Maryland as an institution earlier, and it had the largest free black population by 1860 of any ...
The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states.
The border states of Maryland (November 1, 1864) [46] and Missouri (January 11, 1865) [47] abolished slavery before the war's end. The Union-occupied state of Tennessee abolished slavery by popular vote on a constitutional amendment that took effect February 22, 1865.
Maryland's new constitution abolishing slavery took effect on November 1, 1864. [135] Slavery in Missouri ended on January 11, 1865, when a state convention approved an ordinance abolishing slavery by a vote of 60-4, [ 136 ] and later the same day, Governor Thomas C. Fletcher followed up with his own "Proclamation of Freedom."
The border states of Maryland (November 1864) [11] and Missouri (January 1865), [12] and the Union-occupied Confederate state, Tennessee (January 1865), [13] all abolished slavery prior to the end of the Civil War, as did the new state of West Virginia (February 1865), [14] which had separated from Virginia in 1863 over the issue of slavery.
By the end of the war in 1865, nearly 110,000 Missourians had served in the Union Army and at least 30,000 in the Confederate Army. [20] Some 50,000 citizens of Maryland signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. It has been estimated ...
A small Black community in Anne Arundel County goes back to the 1800s. Wilsontown, in Odenton, was where Quakers and freed slaves worked and lived together.
Maryland was one of the key states in the Underground Railroad with cities such as Baltimore and Cambridge focal points for transported the fugitives further north. Slavery in Maryland officially ended with the writing of the new Maryland Constitution of 1864; however, emancipation did not mean equality as the franchise was restricted to "white ...