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Turbines are sometimes differentiated on the basis of the type of inlet flow, whether the inlet velocity is in axial direction, radial direction or a combination of both. . The Francis turbine is a mixed hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has Radial and tangential components) while the Kaplan turbine is an axial hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has only axial velocity componen
Francis inlet scroll at the Grand Coulee Dam Side-view cutaway of a vertical Francis turbine. Here water enters horizontally in a spiral-shaped pipe (spiral case) wrapped around the outside of the turbine's rotating runner and exits vertically down through the center of the turbine. The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine.
The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not possible with Francis turbines. [2] The head ranges from 10 to 70 metres (33 to 230 ft) and the output ranges from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres (6 ft 7 in and 36 ft 1 in).
The tangential water inflow of the mill race made the submerged horizontal wheel in the shaft turn like a true turbine. [1] A Francis turbine runner, rated at nearly one million hp (750 MW), being installed at the Grand Coulee Dam, United States. A propeller-type runner rated 28,000 hp (21 MW) The earliest known water turbines date to the Roman ...
Well-designed efficient machines typically use the following values: Impulse turbines have the lowest n s values, typically ranging from 1 to 10, a Pelton wheel is typically around 4, Francis turbines fall in the range of 10 to 100, while Kaplan turbines are at least 100 or more, all in imperial units. [7]
Kaplan turbine: This turbine is a propeller-type turbine which has adjustable blades to achieve efficiency over a wide range of heads and flows. The Kaplan can be used at low to medium heads (1.5–20 metres) and medium to high flows (3 m 3 /s–30 m 3 /s). For higher flows multiple turbines can be used.
Rainpower AS is a Norwegian company which develops, designs, manufactures and sells equipment for hydropower electricity generation. The company provides Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, as well as pump turbines, small hydropower plants, turbine governor, oil pressure systems, valve controllers, exciters, valves, gates, pipes, and other products and services related to the hydropower ...
A steam turbine from MAN SE subsidiary MAN Turbo. In general, the two kinds of turbomachines encountered in practice are open and closed turbomachines. Open machines such as propellers, windmills, and unshrouded fans act on an infinite extent of fluid, whereas closed machines operate on a finite quantity of fluid as it passes through a housing or casing.