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Outer Mongolia — officially the Mongolian People's Republic — was ruled (1930s to 1952) by the communist government of Khorloogiin Choibalsan during the period of World War II and had close links with the Soviet Union. Most countries regarded Mongolia, with its fewer than a million inhabitants, [1] as a breakaway province of the Republic of ...
Mongolia held its first democratic elections in 1990, following a peaceful 1990 revolution. [5] [6] From 1921 to 1990, Mongolia was a communist single-party state under the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. [7] Historically, Mongolian politics has been influenced by its two large neighbors, Russia and China. [8] [9]
In the 1920s, the Mongolian government drove foreign merchants out of the country and introduced a foreign trade monopoly. Mongolia traded only with the USSR until the establishment of relations with China after World War II, which ceased after the 1960s Sino-Soviet split. Comecon membership enabled import of machinery and vehicles from Eastern ...
In 1917, the Russian Revolution began. During most of the war, Russian colonies in central Asia and along the Mongolian frontier fell under control of the White movement.As more and more of the White Movement began to move east, like the Czechoslovak Legion, Mongolia began to worry about a possible invasion by White Russian troops.
Towards the end of World War II, the USSR pushed China for formal recognition of the status quo, threatening to stir up Mongolian nationalism within China. In the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance signed on 14 August 1945, China agreed to recognize Mongolian independence after a successful referendum.
The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people". [1]Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911, [a] under the Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu).
The name Mongolia means the "Land of the Mongols" in Latin. The Mongolian word "Mongol" (монгол) is of uncertain etymology.Sükhbataar (1992) and de la Vaissière (2021) proposed it being a derivation from Mugulü, the 4th-century founder of the Rouran Khaganate, [13] first attested as the 'Mungu', [14] (Chinese: 蒙兀, Modern Chinese Měngwù, Middle Chinese Muwngu), [15] a branch of ...
Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty under the Bogd Khan. 29 December: The Bogdo Khanate of Mongolia was proclaimed and Bogd Khan enthroned. 1912: 3 November: The Russian Empire recognized Mongolian independence and the rule of Bogd Khan. 1913: 11 November: Mongolia and Tibet concluded treaty on mutual recognition and ...