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Working capital (WC) is a financial metric which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organisation, or other entity, including governmental entities. Along with fixed assets such as plant and equipment, working capital is considered a part of operating capital. Gross working capital is equal to current assets.
Working capital turnover ratio: This ratio examines how efficiently a company uses its working capital—meaning its total assets minus its liabilities—to support sales.
Asset turnover can be furthered subdivided into fixed asset turnover, which measures a company's use of its fixed assets to generate revenue, [3] and working capital turnover, which measures a company's use of its working capital (current assets minus liabilities) to generate revenue. [4]
It is commonly represented as total assets less current liabilities (or fixed assets plus working capital requirement). [2] ROCE uses the reported (period end) capital numbers; if one instead uses the average of the opening and closing capital for the period, one obtains return on average capital employed (ROACE). [citation needed]
A professional investor contemplating a change to the capital structure of a firm (e.g., through a leveraged buyout) first evaluates a firm's fundamental earnings potential (reflected by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and EBIT), and then determines the optimal use of debt versus equity (equity value).
Return on capital (ROC), or return on invested capital (ROIC), is a ratio used in finance, valuation and accounting, as a measure of the profitability and value-creating potential of companies relative to the amount of capital invested by shareholders and other debtholders. [1] It indicates how effective a company is at turning capital into ...
In accounting, the inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. It is calculated to see if a business has an excessive inventory in comparison to its sales level. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory.
X 1 = working capital / total assets X 2 = retained earnings / total assets X 3 = earnings before interest and taxes / total assets X 4 = market value of equity / total liabilities X 5 = sales / total assets. Z-score bankruptcy model: Z = 1.2X 1 + 1.4X 2 + 3.3X 3 + 0.6X 4 + 1X 5. Zones of discrimination: Z > 2.99 – "safe" zone 1.81 < Z < 2.99 ...