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Color blindness may also present itself as a symptom of degenerative diseases of the eye, such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration, and as part of the retinal damage caused by diabetes. Vitamin A deficiency may also cause color blindness. [47] Color blindness may be a side effect of prescription drug use.
Nocturia is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as "the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding (i.e., to urinate)". [1] The term is derived from Latin nox – "night", and Greek [τα] ούρα – "urine". Causes are varied and can be difficult to discern. [2]
Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
Apperceptive agnosia is failure of object recognition even when the basic visual functions (acuity, color, motion) and other mental processing, such as language and intelligence, are normal. [9] The brain must correctly integrate features such as edges, light intensity, and color from sensory information to form a complete percept of an object.
Congenital red-green color blindness, the genetic condition that causes the most cases of color blindness. Dichromacy, a type of color vision possessed by most mammals; partial color blindness when in humans. Monochromacy, a lack of color vision; total color blindness when in humans. Achromatopsia, a syndrome that includes total color blindness.
It is the cause of approximately 5% of blindness in the United States and nearly 60% of blindness in parts of Africa and South America. [15] Blindness from cataracts occurs in about 10 to 40 per 100,000 children in the developing world, and 1 to 4 per 100,000 children in the developed world. [7] Cataracts become more common with age. [1]
Achromatopsia, also known as rod monochromacy, is a medical syndrome that exhibits symptoms relating to five conditions, most notably monochromacy.Historically, the name referred to monochromacy in general, but now typically refers only to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision condition.
Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina.It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but the underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.