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The gender of the beloved is ambiguous in Persian. It could be a woman, as in the Arabic poetry which Hafez is apparently imitating, or a boy or young man, as often in Persian love poetry; or it could refer to God, if the poem is given a Sufic interpretation. [35] The final half-verse, like the first, is in Arabic.
Layla and Majnun (Arabic: مجنون ليلى majnūn laylā "Layla's Mad Lover"; Persian: لیلی و مجنون, romanized: laylâ o majnun) [1] is a Persian poem by the 12th century Iranian poet Nizami Ganjavi, inspired by an old story of Arab origin, [2] [3] about the 7th-century Arabic poet Qays ibn al-Mulawwah and his lover Layla binti ...
Jamīl ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Ma'mar al-'Udhrī (Arabic: جميل بن عبد الله بن معمر العذري; d.701 CE), also known as Jamil Buthayna, was a classical Arabic love poet. He belonged to the Banu 'Udhra tribe which was renowned for its poetic tradition of chaste love.
Raymond K. Farrin identifies a ring composition in the poem and divides the poem into five discrete sections: A – B – C – B¹ – A¹. [2] According to Farrin: Section A introduces the idea of the poet's separation from his beloved, Wallāda, and culminates in a mood of hopelessness and resignation. Morning is associated with this somber ...
Abu al-Fadl Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf (Arabic: عباس بن الأحنف) (750 in Basra-809), was an Arab Abbasid poet from the tribe of Banu Hanifa. His work consists solely of love poems ( ghazal ). It is "primarily concerned with the hopelessness of love, and the personae in his compositions seems resigned to a relationship of deprivation". [ 1 ]
[1] Arabic poetry is categorized into two main types, rhymed or measured, and prose, with the former greatly preceding the latter. The rhymed poetry falls within fifteen different meters collected and explained by al-Farahidi in The Science of ‘Arud. Al-Akhfash, a student of al-Farahidi, later added one more meter to make them sixteen.
Ta'abbata Sharran's "Qasida Qafiyya" [a] is the opening poem of the Mufaddaliyat, an important collection of early Arabic poetry. [12] According to the Italian orientalist Francesco Gabrieli , the Qafiyya may not have been written as a single poem, but might instead be a collection of Ta'abbata Sharran's verses compiled by later editors.
The diwan of Ibn Sahl contains the most refined examples of Andalusian poetry, almost exclusively love poetry and muwashsahat. Mostly known for his love poetry in muwashshah form, Ibn Sahl two young male lover addressees, Mûsâ ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad and Muḥammad, are thought by some to represent the two religions that played important roles ...