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Polyphenols (/ ˌpɒliˈfiːnoʊl, - nɒl /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [ 1 ] They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Microwave chemistry is the science of applying microwave radiation to chemical reactions. [1][2][3][4][5] Microwaves act as high frequency electric fields and will generally heat any material containing mobile electric charges, such as polar molecules in a solvent or conducting ions in a solid. Polar solvents are heated as their component ...
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) This method uses microwaves which directly interact with the molecules causing Ionic conduction and dipole rotation. The use of microwaves for extraction make the extraction of the template occur rapidly, however, one must be careful to avoid excessively high temperatures if the polymers are heat sensitive.
Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent.
Microwave digestion is a chemical technique used to decompose sample material into a solution suitable for quantitative elemental analysis via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectroscopy, or atomic emission spectroscopy (including ICP-AES). It is commonly used in analyses for heavy metals.
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent. Extraction is usually from a solid matrix, but can also be from liquids. SFE can be used as a sample preparation step for analytical purposes, or on a larger scale to ...
Polyphenol oxidase is an enzyme found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, [30] including most fruits and vegetables. [31] PPO has importance to the food industry because it catalyzes enzymatic browning when tissue is damaged from bruising, compression or indentations, making the produce less marketable and causing economic loss.
Alginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible polysaccharide found in brown algae. It is hydrophilic and forms a viscous gum when hydrated. When the alginic acid binds with sodium and calcium ions, the resulting salts are known as alginates. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown.