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Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and open up specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms.
CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈkrɪspər / "crisper", refers to " c lustered r egularly i nterspaced s hort p alindromic r epeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified.
CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a gene regulation technique that utilizes an engineered form of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to enhance the expression of specific genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Unlike traditional CRISPR-Cas9, which introduces double-strand breaks to edit genes, CRISPRa employs a modified, catalytically inactive ...
Gene drive. A gene drive is a natural process [ 1 ] and technology of genetic engineering that propagates a particular suite of genes throughout a population [ 2 ] by altering the probability that a specific allele will be transmitted to offspring (instead of the Mendelian 50% probability).
CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. [1] CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements , like viruses , plasmids , and transposons . [ 2 ]
Jennifer Doudna. Jennifer Anne Doudna ForMemRS (/ ˈdaʊdnə /; [1] born February 19, 1964) [2] is an American biochemist who has pioneered work in CRISPR gene editing, and made other fundamental contributions in biochemistry and genetics. She received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, with Emmanuelle Charpentier, "for the development of a ...
CRISPR-based gene knockout is a powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of disease and for developing new therapies. It is important to note that CRISPR-based gene knockout, like any genetic engineering technique, has the potential to produce unintended or harmful effects on the organism, so it should be used with caution.
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] It was first developed by Stanley Qi and colleagues in the laboratories of Wendell Lim , Adam Arkin, Jonathan Weissman , and Jennifer Doudna . [ 2 ]
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