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The making of a DNA vaccine. A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen -coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. [ 1 ][ 2 ] DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen (s) against which an immune ...
Subunit vaccine. A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, [ 3 ] in which case it is a recombinant subunit vaccine.
Viral vectors are modified viruses designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture. Viral vectors have widespread applications in basic research, agriculture, and medicine.
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. [ 1 ] As of April 2021 [update], six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been ...
Recombinant live vaccine. Live recombinant vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate immune responses to a pathogen through the use of genetically modified live bacteria or viruses. These live pathogens are biologically engineered to express exogenous antigens in the cytoplasm of target cells, thereby triggering immune responses. [1]
Synthetic vaccine. A synthetic vaccine is a vaccine consisting mainly of synthetic peptides, carbohydrates, or antigens. They are usually considered to be safer than vaccines from bacterial cultures. Creating vaccines synthetically has the ability to increase the speed of production. This is especially important in the event of a pandemic.
Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. [ 13 ] The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. [ 13 ] This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature. [ 13 ] It is also recommended that health-care workers be vaccinated ...
e. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1][2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [3][4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...