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Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Pharmacological options for the specific treatment of FEP have been discussed in recent reviews. [33] [34] The goals of treatment for FEP include reducing symptoms and potentially improving long-term treatment outcomes. Randomized clinical trials have provided evidence for the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in achieving the former goal, with ...
While typical and atypical antipsychotics are effective treatment options for similar health conditions, they differ in many ways. ... anticholinergic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive ...
Data on treatment efficacies are strongest for atypical antipsychotics. Adverse effects in patients with dementia include an increased risk of mortality and cerebrovascular events, as well as metabolic effects, extrapyramidal symptoms, falls, cognitive worsening, cardiac arrhythmia, and pneumonia. [58]
Typical antipsychotic. Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) associated with typical antipsychotics: Early stage – occurs at onset of treatment or following increased dose, patients recover when dose is decreased [10] Acute dystonias [10] – muscle spasms and sustained abnormal postures and onset occurs within a few days; can be treated with anticholinergics
Olanzapine. Olanzapine, sold under the brand name Zyprexa among others, is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [11] It is also sometimes used off-label for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting [12] and as an appetite stimulant. [13]
Asenapine. Asenapine, sold under the brand name Saphris among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder as well as the medium to long-term management of bipolar disorder. [4][10]
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