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An IP address is part of a CIDR block and is said to match the CIDR prefix if the initial n bits of the address and the CIDR prefix are the same. An IPv4 address is 32 bits so an n -bit CIDR prefix leaves 32 − n bits unmatched, meaning that 2 32− n IPv4 addresses match a given n -bit CIDR prefix.
A wildcard mask is a mask of bits that indicates which parts of an IP address are available for examination. In the Cisco IOS, [1] they are used in several places, for example:
The number of available subnets is 2 n, where n is the number of bits used for the network portion of the address. There is an exception to this rule for 31-bit subnet masks, [ 11 ] which means the host identifier is only one bit long for two permissible addresses.