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The Temple tax (מחצית השקל, lit. ' half shekel ') was a tax paid by Israelites and Levites which went towards the upkeep of the Jewish Temple, as reported in the New Testament. [1] Traditionally, Kohanim (Jewish priests) were exempt from the tax.
The fiscus Iudaicus or fiscus Judaicus (Latin for 'Jewish tax') was a tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple in AD 70. [2] The fiscus Iudaicus replaced the traditional half-shekel Temple tax which had been paid annually by Jews for the maintenance of the Temple in Jerusalem.
The Apostle Peter paying the temple tax with a coin from the fish's mouth, by Augustin Tünger, 1486. Tilapia zilli ("St. Peter's fish"), served in a Tiberias restaurant.The coin in the fish's mouth is one of the miracles of Jesus, recounted in the Gospel of Matthew 17:24–27.
The tax was to go instead to the Temple of Capitoline Jupiter, the major center of ancient Roman religion. The fiscus Judaicus was a humiliation for the Jews. [ citation needed ] In Rome, a special procurator known as procurator ad capitularia Iudaeorum was responsible for the collection of the tax. [ 2 ]
The exceptional purity helps explain why the Jerusalem Temple priests specifically required Tyrian shekels for Temple tax payments. The money-changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels ( Matt. 21:12 and parallels) provided Tyrian shekels in exchange for Roman currency when this was required.
The central scene is that of the tax collector demanding the tribute. The head of Christ is the vanishing point of the painting, drawing the eyes of the spectator there. Both Christ and Peter then point to the left hand part of the painting, where the next scene takes place in the middle background: Peter taking the money out of the mouth of ...
Its main subject is the half-shekel tax that ancient Jews paid every year to make possible the maintenance and proper functioning of the Temple in Jerusalem. There is no Gemara about the treatise in the Babylonian Talmud, but there is one in the Jerusalem Talmud, and the latter is often printed in the editions of the Babylonian Talmud. [1] [2]
The half-shekel Temple tax [12] The dough offering (challah) [13] The meat of Israelites' sin- and guilt-offerings [14] Various priestly gifts: terumah gedolah, Bikkurim (First-fruits), herem, bechor, pidyon haben [15] The first tithe [16] Terumat maaser [17] Spoils given to Eleazar after the war with Midian [18]