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In certain advanced laparoscopic procedures, where the specimen removed is too large to pull through a trocar site (as is done with gallbladders), an incision larger than 10 mm must be made. The most common of these procedures are removal of all or part of the colon , or removal of the kidney (nephrectomy).
Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. [1] The field is also known as proctology, but this term is now used infrequently within medicine and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular.
Surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery. As of 2012, more than 40% of colon resections in the United States are performed via a laparoscopic approach. [5] For laparoscopic colectomy, the typical operative technique involves 4-5 separate incisions made in the abdomen.
The surgeon manipulates instruments within the abdominal cavity to perform procedures such as cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), the most common laparoscopic procedure. The laparoscopic method speeds recovery time and reduces blood loss and infection as compared to the traditional "open" method.
The colon is then mobilized from the retroperitoneum. Care is taken to avoid injury to the ureters and duodenum. The surgery then follows the same steps as small bowel resection. However, due to the colon's placement in the retroperitoneum, more dissection is often required to allow for tension free anastomosis. [5] [6]
Proctocolectomy is the surgical removal of the entire colon and rectum from the human body, leaving the patients small intestine disconnected from their anus. [1] It is a major surgery that is performed by colorectal surgeons, however some portions of the surgery, specifically the colectomy (removal of the colon) may be performed by general surgeons. [2]
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Recovery time from the operation varies from person to person. Some take up to three weeks before being completely active; for others, it can be a matter of days. In the case of a laparoscopic operation, the patient has three stapled scars of about an inch (2.5 cm) in length, between the navel and pubic hair line.