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The tuning application, for instance, is an example of band-pass filtering. The RLC filter is described as a second-order circuit, meaning that any voltage or current in the circuit can be described by a second-order differential equation in circuit analysis. The three circuit elements, R, L and C, can be combined in a number of different ...
In systems and control theory, the double integrator is a canonical example of a second-order control system. [1] It models the dynamics of a simple mass in one-dimensional space under the effect of a time-varying force input u {\displaystyle {\textbf {u}}} .
For example, the second-order equation y′′ = −y can be rewritten as two first-order equations: y′ = z and z′ = −y. In this section, we describe numerical methods for IVPs, and remark that boundary value problems (BVPs) require a different set of tools. In a BVP, one defines values, or components of the solution y at more than one ...
The "second-order cone" in SOCP arises from the constraints, which are equivalent to requiring the affine function (+, +) to lie in the second-order cone in +. [ 1 ] SOCPs can be solved by interior point methods [ 2 ] and in general, can be solved more efficiently than semidefinite programming (SDP) problems. [ 3 ]
Numerov's method (also called Cowell's method) is a numerical method to solve ordinary differential equations of second order in which the first-order term does not appear. It is a fourth-order linear multistep method. The method is implicit, but can be made explicit if the differential equation is linear.
Reduction of order (or d’Alembert reduction) is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution y 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{1}(x)} is known and a second linearly independent solution y 2 ( x ) {\displaystyle y_{2}(x)} is desired.
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the trapezoidal rule is a numerical method to solve ordinary differential equations derived from the trapezoidal rule for computing integrals. The trapezoidal rule is an implicit second-order method, which can be considered as both a Runge–Kutta method and a linear multistep method.
An RLC circuit therefore obeys + + = (), where () is the current as a function of time, is the resistance, the inductance, and the capacitance. [ 1 ] The activity of interacting inhibitory and excitatory neurons can be described by a system of integro-differential equations, see for example the Wilson-Cowan model .