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  2. Gluconeogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis

    Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. [1] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the ...

  3. Metabolic pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway

    Glycolysis results in the breakdown of glucose, but several reactions in the glycolysis pathway are reversible and participate in the re-synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis). [9] Glycolysis was the first metabolic pathway discovered: As glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated by ATP to glucose 6-phosphate in the irreversible ...

  4. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate...

    In animals, this is a rate-controlling step of gluconeogenesis, the process by which cells synthesize glucose from metabolic precursors. The blood glucose level is maintained within well-defined limits in part due to precise regulation of PEPCK gene expression.

  5. Glyceroneogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceroneogenesis

    The gluconeogenesis pathway Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3-phosphate The main precursors of glyceroneogenesis are pyruvate , lactate , glutamine , and alanine . Glyceroneogenesis is also known as the branched pathway of gluconeogenesis because its first few steps are the same.

  6. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. [6] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the ...

  7. Glucogenic amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucogenic_amino_acid

    Following this, pyruvate is transformed into oxaloacetate, a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis process. [4] It is possible to synthesize glucose from oxaloacetate, ensuring that the blood glucose levels required for the body to produce energy are maintained. In humans, the glucogenic amino acids are: Alanine; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic ...

  8. PCK2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCK2

    A cytosolic form of this protein is encoded by a different gene and is the key enzyme of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014] [5]

  9. Urea cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle

    The conversion from ammonia to urea happens in five main steps. The first is needed for ammonia to enter the cycle and the following four are all a part of the cycle itself. To enter the cycle, ammonia is converted to carbamoyl phosphate. The urea cycle consists of four enzymatic reactions: one mitochondrial and three cytosolic.