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Intel C8253 Intel 8253 programmable interval timer. Intel 8254 has the same pinout. The Intel 8253 and 8254 are programmable interval timers (PITs), which perform timing and counting functions using three 16-bit counters. [1] The 825x family was primarily designed for the Intel 8080/8085-processors, but were later used in x86 compatible systems.
The Intel 8253 PIT was the original timing device used on IBM PC compatibles.It used a 1.193182 MHz clock signal (one third of the color burst frequency used by NTSC, one twelfth of the system clock crystal oscillator, [1] therefore one quarter of the 4.77 MHz CPU clock) and contains three timers.
The references to two timers is not true. In Intel ICH4 documentation, the timer exists in IO ports 40h..43h, and the same timer is aliased to IO ports 50h..53h for some reason. A very good guess would be that the original IBM PC had it like this too to simplify IO address decoding, but this is just a guess.
Since May 1990, Intel has made an effort to eliminate chlorofluorocarbon consumption for the Oregon, Puerto Rico and Ireland system factories. [ 2 ] Both Schumacher a division of Air Products & Chemicals and Intel developed chemical that reduce ozone emission using TRANS-LC or trans 1, 2-dichloroethylene to replace from TCA or 1,1,1 ...
The aperiodic interrupts offered by the APIC timer are used by the Linux kernel tickless kernel feature. This optional but default feature is new with 2.6.18. When enabled on a computer with an APIC timer, the kernel does not use the 8253 programmable interval timer for timekeeping. [12]
The High Precision Event Timer (HPET) is a hardware timer available in modern x86-compatible personal computers. Compared to older types of timers available in the x86 architecture, HPET allows more efficient processing of highly timing-sensitive applications, such as multimedia playback and OS task switching .
Macrotune is a free MML editor available for Windows and OS X while also offering Shared libraries for software/game developers. FlopPI-Music ( archived old documentation page ) uses an extended format with a file header with metadata (such as Author, Title, etc.), a newline, and then one line for each staff, supporting multiple instruments ...
Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts.