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A military dog barking. Cynophobia [a] (from the Greek: κύων kýōn "dog" and φόβος phóbos "fear") is the fear of dogs and canines in general. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype "animal phobias". [1]
Personality disorder not otherwise specified (PD-NOS) is a subclinical [a] diagnostic classification for some DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders not listed in DSM-IV. [1] The DSM-5 does not have a direct equivalent to PD-NOS. However, the DSM-5 other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder are substantially ...
Passive–aggressive [personality disorder] was listed as an Axis II personality disorder in the DSM-III-R, but was moved in the DSM-IV to Appendix B ("Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study") because of controversy and the need for further research on how to also categorize the behaviors in a future edition. According to DSM-IV ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 January 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...
Psychotherapy is a relatively new method used in treatment of mental disorders. The practice of individual psychotherapy as a treatment of mental disorders is about 100 years old. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was the first one to introduce this concept in psychoanalysis. [6]
Personality development disorder is considered to be a childhood risk factor or early stage of a later personality disorder in adulthood. [citation needed] Adults usually show personality patterns over a long duration of time. Children and adolescents however still show marked changes in personality development.
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [8] [9] [6] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
This personality disorder is a long-term condition [1] in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs. Dependent personality disorder is a cluster C personality disorder, [2] which is characterized by excessive fear and anxiety. It begins prior to early adulthood, and it is present in a variety of contexts and is ...