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  2. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

    Top: An ancestral gene duplicates to produce two paralogs (Genes A and B). A speciation event produces orthologs in the two daughter species. Bottom: in a separate species, an unrelated gene has a similar function (Gene C) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog.

  3. Homology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)

    The term "ortholog" was coined in 1970 by the molecular evolutionist Walter Fitch. [41] Homologous sequences are paralogous if they were created by a duplication event within the genome. For gene duplication events, if a gene in an organism is duplicated, the two copies are paralogous. They can shape the structure of whole genomes and thus ...

  4. Orthology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthology

    Orthology (biology) - homologous sequences originate from the same ancestors (homolog e.g. all globin protein), which are separated from each other after a speciation event, e.g. human beta and chimp beta globin. An orthologous gene is a gene in different species that evolved from a common ancestor by speciation.

  5. Daf-16 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daf-16

    DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. [1] It is responsible for activating genes involved in longevity, lipogenesis, heat shock survival and oxidative stress responses.

  6. Homology modeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_modeling

    Homology model of the DHRS7B protein created with Swiss-model and rendered with PyMOL. Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein (the "template").

  7. Gene nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_nomenclature

    Some basic conventions, such as (1) that animal/human homolog (ortholog) pairs differ in letter case (title case and all caps, respectively) and (2) that the symbol is italicized when referring to the gene but nonitalic when referring to the protein, are often not followed by contributors to medical journals.

  8. Syntelog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntelog

    Syntelog: a special case of gene homology where sets of genes are derived from the same ancestral genomic region. This may arise from speciation events, or through whole or partial genome duplication events (e.g. polyploidy).

  9. Homologous series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_series

    A homologue (also spelled as homolog) is a compound belonging to a homologous series. [1] Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. (For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has a hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain ...