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Scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG) [1] is a modified theory of gravity developed by John Moffat, a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. The theory is also often referred to by the acronym MOG ( MO dified G ravity ).
An action of such a gravitational scalar–tensor theory can be written as follows: = [() () + (,)], where is the metric determinant, is the Ricci scalar constructed from the metric , is a coupling constant with the dimensions , () is the scalar-field potential, is the material Lagrangian and represents the non-gravitational fields.
Indeed, the theory he finally arrived at in 1915, general relativity, is a tensor theory, not a scalar theory, with a 2-tensor, the metric, as the potential. Unlike his 1913 scalar theory, it is generally covariant, and it does take into account the field energy–momentum–stress of the electromagnetic field (or any other nongravitational field).
extensive, tensor, scalar Optical power: P: Measure of the effective curvature of a lens or curved mirror; inverse of focal length: dioptre (dpt = m −1) L −1: Permeability: μ s: Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field H/m L M T −2 I −2: intensive Permittivity: ε s
Tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), [1] developed by Jacob Bekenstein in 2004, is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm. [2] [3] The main features of TeVeS can be summarized as follows: As it is derived from the action principle, TeVeS respects conservation laws;
Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium . In physics , a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. [ 1 ]
The graviton must be a spin-2 boson because the source of gravitation is the stress–energy tensor, a second-order tensor (compared with electromagnetism's spin-1 photon, the source of which is the four-current, a first-order tensor). Additionally, it can be shown that any massless spin-2 field would give rise to a force indistinguishable from ...
Gravity is usually measured in units of acceleration.In the SI system of units, the standard unit of acceleration is metres per second squared (m/s 2).Other units include the cgs gal (sometimes known as a galileo, in either case with symbol Gal), which equals 1 centimetre per second squared, and the g (g n), equal to 9.80665 m/s 2.